冲击发散冷却流场结构PIV测量

为了研究冲击发散冷却结构的流场特性,设计了一典型冲击发散冷却结构,采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)对其流场特性进行了研究.研究发现,在冲击板与发散孔板间,气流的流动状态很复杂,在各个方向上均形成大量的涡,且涡的形式和强度均随吹风比的变化而变化.在发散气膜侧,随着吹风比的增大,由发散孔流出的冷却气流会逐渐穿透主流,从而使得冷却气膜层愈来愈不稳定,脱离壁面;而在发散孔出口与主流方向垂直的位置会形成一对旋转方向相反的肾形涡,且涡的位置随吹风比的增大而移向主流区域.      

介质阻挡体放电对甲烷扩散火焰CH*自发辐射影响实验研究

为分析非平衡等离子体对空气/甲烷扩散火焰的助燃效果,实验以发射中心谱线430nm的激发态自由基CH*表征火焰燃烧状态,采用同轴圆柱构型激励器在高频交流模式下激发等离子体,分析了火焰CH*自发辐射图像、火焰高度、CH*径向分布和燃烧释热速率等火焰特性在不同空气流量和当量比下随放电电压的变化规律。结果表明：等离子体激励在空气流量较低时,会显著增强火焰上游甲烷燃烧,从而降低CH*空间分布高度和火焰高度;空气流量增大后,有利于促进甲烷充分燃烧,增大火焰下游CH*辐射强度和分布范围。在火焰上游区域,等离子体气动效应可有效扩展甲烷径向分布,实现剪切层更宽范围燃烧,其活化效应会明显提高剪切层燃烧强度,并随电压增大作用效果逐渐增强。此外,等离子体激励会使燃烧器喷嘴出口附近火焰释热速率显著增大,该现象在空气-甲烷动量比较大时更容易发生。     

RANS simulations on combustion and emission characteristics of a premixed NH3/H2 swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic model

Ammonia (NH₃) is considered as a potential alternative carbon free fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emission to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements. Co-burning NH₃ and H₂ is an effective way to overcome ammonia’s relative low burning velocity. In this work, 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical simulations are conducted on a premixed NH₃/H₂ swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic mechanism. The effects of (A) overall equivalence ratio Φ and (B) hydrogen blended molar fraction X_H2 on combustion and emission characteristics are examined. The present results show that when 100%NH₃-0%H₂-air are burnt, the NO emission and unburned NH₃ of at the swirling combustor outlet has the opposite varying trends. With the increase of Φ, NO emission is found to be decreased, while the unburnt ammonia emission is increased. NH₂ → HNO, NH → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are found to play a critical role in NO formation. Normalized reaction rate of all these three sub-paths is shown to be decreased with increased Φ. Hydrogen addition is shown to significantly increase the laminar burning velocity of the mixed fuel. However, adding H₂ does not affect the critical equivalence ratio corresponding to the maximum burning velocity. The emission trend of NO and unburnt NH₃ with increased Φ is unchanged by blending H₂. NO emission with increased X_H2 is increased slightly less at a larger Φ than that at a smaller Φ. In addition, reaction rates of NH₂ → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are decreased with increased X_H2, when Φ is larger. Under all tested cases, blending H₂ with NH₃ reduces the unburned NH₃ emission, especially for rich combustion conditions. In summary, the present work provides research finding on supporting applying ammonia with hydrogen blended in low-emission gas turbine engines.     

带空气雾化喷嘴的燃烧室压力对烟粒浓度及火焰辐射的影响

在一个小型高压燃烧试验台上研究了燃烧室采用空气雾化喷嘴后,燃烧室压力对燃烧室内烟粒浓度和火焰辐射的影响。实验的主要参数 :来流空气压力为 1～ 2 MPa,温度为室温;燃烧室总余气系数为 8.0,工作压力为 0.3～ 0.88MPa。实验结果表明 :主燃区烟粒浓度和火焰辐射随压力增加呈急剧增加的趋势,但其增加的速率是随空气雾化喷嘴的吹气压力的增加而下降;在不同压力下,火焰总辐射沿火焰筒轴向长度呈明显减少的趋势,但在较高压力情况下 (如 pc≥ 0.5 MPa )主要由大量烟粒被氧化消失引起的,而在较低压力情况下(如 pc≤ 0.3 MPa )则主要是由气体辐射的减少造成的。     

火焰稳定器稳焰机理的非定常观点探讨

本文在低速风洞中,利用在线式互相关PIV(ParticleImageVelocimetry)系统,对尾缘吹气式火焰稳定器及V型火焰稳定器的近尾迹流动进行了测量,在瞬态场尾流结构分析的基础上,提出了稳焰机理的非定常观点,探讨了近尾迹流动结构中旋涡的交替生成和脱落在火焰稳定过程中起了重要的作用。      

静力试验位移测量异常原因分析及推算方法研究

分析了发动机机架静力试验过程中某重要位移测点出现位移测量异常的原因,提出了几点改进措施,包括打磨接触面、采用粘贴面积较大的测量块等;另外,考虑到此次静力试验其余测点位移正常、试验过程结构和加载稳定,通过结构整体刚度分析,提出一种利用正常测点来推算异常测点位移的方法,采用两次未出现测量异常的抽检静试数据对此推算方法进行验证,分析推算值与测量值之间的误差,结果表明,这种理论推算方法的推算误差小于5％。     

尾缘吹气稳定器初始雾化场实验及对燃烧计算的改进

利用激光测雾仪(PDA)对尾缘吹气式火焰稳定器尾缘出口的初始雾化场进行了实验研究, 在静止空气中测量了尾缘出口下游不同截面上的各点处的液滴直径、速度等参数, 分析了雾化场结构, 初步探讨了初始雾化场的特征.同时, 根据初始雾化场的实验结果给出燃烧数值模拟的初始雾化条件, 并把计算结果与燃烧实验数据和经验数值计算结果进行对比, 分析了实验初始雾化场数据对燃烧数值计算的改进效果.结果表明, 初始雾化场实验数据对燃烧室出口温度分布及燃烧效率的计算, 都有一定程度的改进, 其中对燃烧效率计算的改进效果更为明显.      

Combustion modeling in a model combustor

The flow-field of a propane-air diffusion flame combustor with interior and exterior conjugate heat transfers was numerically studied.Results obtained from four combustion models,combined with the re-normalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model,discrete ordinates radiation model and enhanced wall treatment are presented and discussed.The results are compared with a comprehensive database obtained from a series of experimental measurements.The flow patterns and the recirculation zone length in the combustion chamber are accurately predicted,and the mean axial velocities are in fairly good agreement with the experimental data,particularly at downstream sections for all four combustion models.The mean temperature profiles are captured fairly well by the eddy dissipation(EDS),probability density function(PDF),and laminar flamelet combustion models.However,the EDS-finite-rate combustion model fails to provide an acceptable temperature field.In general,the flamelet model illustrates little superiority over the PDF model,and to some extent the PDF model shows better performance than the EDS model.      

冲击-发散冷却火焰筒浮动瓦片三维壁温计算分析

论述了采用冲击-发散冷却技术的火焰筒浮动瓦片的传热计算分析方法, 以及传热数学模型和边界条件处理.并采用ANSYS程序的热分析模块对浮动瓦片的三维壁温场进行了计算.计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析, 两者有较好的吻合性, 计算值与试验值的相对误差不大于6%.      

凹腔驻涡模型燃烧室内涡的演化发展

使用大涡模拟对凹腔内双驻涡冷态流场进行了分析研究.结果发现, 在主流、前后壁面射流的情况下, 凹腔在某些特定几何条件下会产生准周期生成和破碎的驻涡, 同时研究了凹腔内准周期驻涡的生成发展的过程, 得到了影响凹腔内涡演化的新结果.